In 2008, the united states, as well as the rest of the world, felt the effects of the recession. after the collapse of the housing market, people lost their jobs and quit spending money. many people could not afford their mortgages anymore and their homes went into foreclosure. for many people, it was a time of
a. social stratification
b. social inconsistency
c. horizontal mobility
d. downward mobility

d. Downward mobility

Explanation:

Downward mobility is to move to a lower social level because people have a decrease in income or wealth and lose status or job. So, in the recession when people lost their jobs and their houses and quit spending money, they experienced downward mobility.

affirmative action refers to the policies that take gender, race, or ethnicity into account in order to promote equal opportunity.

employers subject to title vii are prohibited from taking race or sex into account in any employment decisions. aa is a penalty for having any job group substantially statistically "underutilized" in any race or either sex. the employer must take steps to eliminate the underutilization, then stop, ending its aa efforts

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