Atmospheric perspectivesequentially using lighter colors for each region of the painting.  this technique creates a sense of distance for objects that are distant in the painting2.chiaroscurousing light and shadow to define forms3.codexthe branch of physics that studies the physical properties of light4.optics(from the italian for smoke) an imperceptible, subtle transition from light to dark, without any clear break or line5.sfumatobook composed of folded