During the european middle ages, guilds were important to

the catholic church withhold people's access to the bible during the middle ages.

people could go to church and listen to the teachings, but it was absolutely forbidden to own and/or read the books of both the old and new testaments. it was also prohibited to translate the books (which where originally in biblical hebrew) to any other language.

this was done so the church could remain in control of what their teachings were and to enhance their importance and power, while also being able to judge people's actions through information that was unavailable for the general public.

i believe it is the second one.   if correct plz mark brainliest.

they lost control of territory in the middle east, but preserved turkey's political independence.

no its false i just took the test