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match the philosopher to the answer that most reflects their beliefs. question 1 options: civil liberties are very important, especially freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and separation of church and state. “i do not agree with a word you say, but i will defend to the death your right to say it. government should be limited. best forms of government have a separation of powers among three branches of government to prevent any one from gaining power over the other two. people are naturally good. all people are born with three natural rights (life, liberty, and property), and it is up to the gov’t to protect these rights. if the gov’t does not, the social contract is broken and the people have the right to change their gov’t. people are naturally selfish and cruel. they look to gov’t for protection. to provide them with protection, the gov’t must have power centralized in one person. 1. thomas hobbes 2. john locke 3. voltaire 4. montesquieu question 2 (4 points)

Voltaire - believed in a God but did not believe in a god personally involved in people's lives, like the Christian god.

Montesquieu - believed that the best form of government was one in which the legislative, executive, and judicial powers were separate and kept each other in check to prevent any branch from becoming too powerful (checks and balances)

Locke believed - all people are born free and equal, with three natural rights—life, liberty, and property

Hobbs believed - believed that humans are naturally cruel, selfish, and hungry for power;

isaac newton first proposed that earth was not perfectly round. instead, he suggested it was an oblate spheroid—a sphere that is squashed at its poles and swollen at the equator.

the idea of the earth being a flat disc is also inconsistent with the fact that a given lunar eclipse is only visible from half of the earth at a time. the only shape that casts a round shadow no matter which direction it is pointed is a sphere, and the ancient greeks deduced that this must mean the earth is spherical.

relations between the soviet union and the united states were driven by a complex interplay of ideological, political, and economic factors, which led to shifts between cautious cooperation and often bitter superpower rivalry over the years. the distinct differences in the political systems of the two countries often prevented them from reaching a mutual understanding on key policy issues and even, as in the case of the cuban missile crisis, brought them to the brink of war.

the united states government was initially hostile to the soviet leaders for taking russia out of world war i and was opposed to a state ideologically based on communism. although the united states embarked on a famine relief program in the soviet union in the early 1920s and american businessmen established commercial ties there during the period of the new economic policy (1921–29), the two countries did not establish diplomatic relations until 1933. by that time, the totalitarian nature of joseph stalin's regime presented an insurmountable obstacle to friendly relations with the west. although world war ii brought the two countries into alliance, based on the common aim of defeating nazi germany, the soviet union's aggressive, antidemocratic policy toward eastern europe had created tensions even before the war ended.