Who was the only president to serve two nonconsecutive terms

Stephen Grover Cleveland

Explanation:

Stephen Grover Cleveland was an American political and lawyer who was the 22nd and 24th president of the US, the only president in American history to serve two non-consecutive terms in office.

julius caesar turned the roman republic into the roman empire by coming in and taking the "dictator" role during the time of a civil war (elites vs lower classes) winning battles and reputation, then declaring him dictator for life

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your answer would be (b)