What did government in the italian peninsula look like in 1855?
a. each territory had a separate government, but all were controlled by either austria or the papacy.
b. the present day nation of italy was ruled under as one, under the monarchy of the kingdom of italy.
c. almost all of italy was under the control of prussia, who was in conflict with papacy for control of the entire peninsula.
d. the southern half was under the sole control of austria, while the northern half was under the sole control of papacy.

The Italian peninsula's government was controlled by  either Austria or the papacy. Ultimately, this arrangement had to change when Prussia defeated Austria in 1866, and the latter had to concede Venetia in the name of Italy's unification. so the answer is a

the first historical instance of china engaging in internationalism was during the han dynasty.[1] at the start of the han dynasty, the huns in the north were attacking the frontiers of han and trying to obtain riches. emperor wu of han wanted to gain an alliance with a country called dayuezhi so the two countries could join together and fight against the huns.[2] to obtain this alliance, emperor wu sent zhang qian to the west to establish economic and cultural connections.[2] history records that during the han dynasty there were four primary avenues of contact between china and europe. they included the northern land route, the central land route, the southern sea route, and the far southern sea route.[1] the most famous of these routes is the central land route, or the classical silk road, comprising a network of roads stretching from northwest china to the ports of syria and the black sea, which passed through the oasis of the turkestans and northern persia.[1] the silk road was significant for chinese emperors because it provided dominance over central asia by developing resources and provided new markets for the export of china's most valuable resources.[1]