"in american history, 20 students failed. only 11 students failed world history. american history must be a more difficult course than world history." this statement is criticized because the measurement "number of students who fail" is being used as an indicator of "course difficulty." thus, "number of students who fail" is claimed to be a) invalid. b) confounded. c) unreliable. d) biased. e) categorical.

B

Explanation:  In statistics, a confounding variable, also called a confounding or confounding factor, is a variable that influences both the dependent and the independent variables, causing a spurious association.

peasants’ war, (1524–25) peasant uprising in germany inspired by changes brought by the reformation, peasants in western and southern germany invoked   divine law to demand agrarian rights and freedom from oppression by nobles and landlords. as the uprising spread, some peasant groups organized armies. although the revolt was supported huldrych zwingli and thomas müntzerits condemnation by martain luther contributed to its defeat, principally by the army of the swabian league. some 100,000 peasants were killed. reprisals and increased restrictions discouraged further attempts to improve the peasants’ plight.

i think it would be " a" i might be wrong tho

the answer is false.