What tool is used to determine when redistricting is needed?

a caucus
b census
c gerrymandering
d primary

B; census

Explanation:

A census is simply a count of the total population. In the United States, a census is taken every 10 years in order to see population distribution. From there, the census is used in order to conduct redistricting.

yes

explanation:

the fighting words doctrine, in united states constitutional law, is a limitation to freedom of speech as protected by the first amendment to the united states constitution. in 1942, the u.s. supreme court established the doctrine by a 9–0 decision in chaplinsky v. new hampshire.