“the commercial area of the capital extends from the old qing river market to the southern commons and to the city border on the north. . some famous fabric stores sell exquisite brocade fabric and fine silk, which are unsurpassed elsewhere in the country. . most other cities can only boast of one special product; what makes the capital unique is that it gathers goods from all places. furthermore, because of the large population and the busy commercial traffic, there is a demand for everything.” description of hangzhou, capital of the southern song dynasty, circa 1235 c. e. which of the following assertions in the description of hangzhou above would be most difficult to verify?

i think they should to be honest

explanation:

dylan has written many enduring songs and he has received several awards for his musical achievement;  

any written work with artistic value can be considered literature; especially if such work is publicly recognized, and has had importance and endurance among people; whether is poetry or fiction or drama or even criticism, since it's the transcendence and representation of a culture, language or people in a period of time to more people, using letters (words), regardless the subject.

the nobel prize in literature is given to authors from any country based on a body of work as a whole that inspires and nurses the life of humanity.  

and the work of bob dylan matches that description, therefore is well deserved since he'd created new poetic expressions within the american song tradition, that has inspired and influenced the lives of many people, not only withing the united stated but worldwide as well.

the mandate of heaven or tian ming (chinese: 天命; pinyin: tiānmìng; wade–giles: t'ien-ming) is a chinese political and religious doctrine used since ancient times to justify the rule of the king or emperor of china. according to this belief, heaven (天, tian)—which embodies the natural order and will of the universe—bestows the mandate on a just ruler of china, the "son of heaven" of the "celestial empire". if a ruler was overthrown, this was interpreted as an indication that the ruler was unworthy, and had lost the mandate. it was also a common belief among citizens that natural disasters such as famine and flood were signs of heaven's displeasure with the ruler, so there would often be revolts following major disasters as citizens saw these as signs that the mandate of heaven had been withdrawn.[1]

a brief flow chart describing the dynastic cycles in imperial china on claiming to withdrawing the mandate of heaven

the mandate of heaven does not require a legitimate ruler to be of noble birth, depending instead on the just and able performance of the rulers and their heirs. dynasties such as the han and ming dynasties were founded by men of common origins. the concept is in some ways similar to the european concept of the divine right of kings; however, unlike the european concept, it does not in theory confer an unconditional right to rule, despite this being exactly the case in practicality. the mandate would in theory be a preoccupation in a ruler's lifetime, when he would hold onto the mandate and live according to heavens. intrinsic to the concept of the mandate of heaven was the right of rebellion against an unjust ruler. chinese historians interpreted a successful revolt as evidence that heaven had withdrawn its mandate from the ruler. throughout chinese history, times of poverty and natural disasters were often taken as signs that heaven considered the incumbent ruler unjust and thus in need of replacement. the mandate of heaven was often invoked by philosophers and scholars in china as a way to curtail the abuse of power by the ruler. while each dynasty was not the same, they each had a lineage that passed on the prospective ruler by order of generational descent or their priority of birth. many emperors during the imperial times would optimize to have many sons who could be candidates to fill the position after the current ruler has died. in addition heaven was thought to be of how a ruler's works and performance was, which reflected upon how favorable they would be to heaven.