Which two elements of narrative nonfiction can you identify in this excerpt from “my brother paul” by theodore dreiser?

often these references to mother or father or their difficulties would bring tears to his eyes. "i can't stand to see people suffer, that's all, not if i have anything," and his eyes glowed sweetly. "and, after all," he added apologetically, "the little i give isn't much. they don't get so much out of me. they don't come to me every day."

another time—one christmas eve it was, when i was comparatively new to new york (my second or third year), i was a little uncertain what to do, having no connections outside of paul and two sisters, one of whom was then out of the city.

a) reflection
b) characterization
c) suspense
d) flashabck