Was created to secure the rights guaranteed in the reconstruction amendments and challenged the black codes and lynching.

What was created in order to secure the Reconstruction amendments, to confront the Black Codes and stop lynching was the Civil Rights Act of 1866.

The Civil Rights Act of 1866 was approved in order to materialize and to reassert the transformation in the status of black people in American society. It defines who is and what it means to be an American citizen, his/her duties and rights. It's objective, right after the Civil War (1861-1865), was to protect and to affirm that black people were citizens and part of American society.

d. it adversely affected american productivity

he sent troops to protect the students as they entered the school.