1. which of the following best describes the contributions of charles martel to europe during the middle ages?

a. he united the franks to fight off muslim invasion.

b. he united eastern and western portions of the roman empire.

c. he encouraged the development of the arts.

d. he spread christianity to new lands.

2. scholasticism provides an example of which of the following?

the blending of norse and christian culture

the blending of greek and roman architectural styles

the blending of greek and roman philosophies with christian ideas

the blending of jewish and christian ideas

3. use the excerpt to answer the following question:

"the precepts of the law are these: to live honestly, to injure no one, and to give every man his due. the study of law consists of two branches, law public and law private. the former relates to the welfare of the roman state; the latter to the advantage of the individual citizen. of private law then we may say that it is of threefold origin, being collected from the precepts of nature, from those of the law of nations, or from those of the civil law of rome."
source: from the institutes of justinian, b. moyle, trans.3rd ed. (oxford: oxford university press, 1896), pp. 3-5.

this excerpt from the justinian code shows how the byzantine empire

preserved greco-roman culture

reformed the roman catholic church

split from western roman legal traditions

established an eastern orthodox church separate from rome

4. christian monks taught laypeople the art of stained glass, which served which of the following functions in medieval europe?

established the europeans as the artistic leaders of the world

taught religious scripture to illiterate peasants through images

united the iconoclasts and anti-iconoclasts

served as recordings of epic poems

5. this page from a medieval manuscript represents not only the power of the church but also the

skill of medieval scribes

benefits of the printing press

poor lifestyle of many monks

importance of tradition in the clergy