Most of the early battles of the thirty years war were won by the

The catholics

Explanation:

The Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) was a religious conflict over the control of the Holy Roman Empire, involving also many european powers of the time. Catholics were the first winners in most of the early battles (i.e Ferdinand II over Frederick V)

following type of cultural development caused people to want and buy new products on the market :

c it says nothing about connecting those 2 seas.