In the early 1800s, the growth of trade between western settlements and eastern towns and cities was encouraged by the development of: canals railroads turnpikes none of the above

in 476 c.e. romulus, the last of the roman emperors in the west, was overthrown by the germanic leader odoacer, who became the first barbarian to rule in rome. the order that the roman empire had brought to western europe for 1000 years was no more.

b. africa to the americas

explanation:

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pennsylvania, new hampshire, massachusetts, connecticut and rhode island .