During the second industrial revolution, railroad expansion increased settlement in
the east
the north
the south
the west

The answer is West. Hope that helps:-)

workers of lowell mills were greatly benefited for the waltham type of work which was more a paternalist kind, trying to protect the integrity of this little girls coming from small farmers and providing an adequate place of work, this in an effort to avoid the issues of bad place conditions and immorality that the people in bigger industrialized cities of great britain were experimenting.