Anation state can be defined as a political until
a. without a separate identity or a large majority
b. without an independent state of majority representation
c. with a majority of similar people living under a government
d. with like individuals who lack government representation

How did the church gain secular power? a) monks forced massive numbers of people to convert through fear of punishment. b) the church issued interdicts, laws passed by the church regardless of secular law. c) the church's power to deny the sacraments gave the church power over christians. d) canon law established secular courts under the control of the church.