Which of the following gave europeans an advantage in their encounters with people in asia, africa, and oceania during the second half of the nineteenth century? a) the rich supply of gold and diamonds in european countries
b) the unity and consensus among all the european states
c) european immunity to all the world's major diseases
d) european superiority in military organization and discipline

D) European superiority in military organization and discipline

Explanation:

Europa was facing Nationalism in the 19th century, which created a sense of unity, identity, and organization, giving to them military superiority in comparison to Asia, Africa, and Oceania. Another important point is the isolation of these locations, or the social and military fragility of some (Asia and Africa, for example). Then, European superiority was strongly based on Nationalism and Unity, different from the others which were almost primitive such as Oceania populations, or was always struggling with wars and political coup d'etat.