The best known and most controversial consequence of illegal government action:
a. are civil law suits for damages against police departments.
b. is the criminal prosecution of police officers.
c. is the exclusionary rule.
d. is the suspension or dismissal of police officers.

lincoln declared that slavery should not be allowed to spread into the new states, and of course this angered the south at the time.

yes

explanation:

the fighting words doctrine, in united states constitutional law, is a limitation to freedom of speech as protected by the first amendment to the united states constitution. in 1942, the u.s. supreme court established the doctrine by a 9–0 decision in chaplinsky v. new hampshire.