The transition from hunter-gatherer to a food producing society happened a. to the unstable nature of pastoralism. b. gradually in the Mesolithic era c. abruptly in some areas, rapidly in others d. with the use of metal tools. e. only in river valleys

e. Only in river valleys .

Explanation:

Why? Agriculture needs the proximity of water and the development of methods of irrigation in order to prosper. Agricultural societies were the basis of the first civilizations. In the Middle East, in China, in Egypt, all the first great civilizations rose and flowered in valleys with rivers: the Eufrates and the Tigris, the Yellow River and the Yangtze, and the Nile.

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the underground railroad (apocope of the metropolitan railroad) is a system of urban trains located within a city and its metropolitan area. it is characterized for being a massive transport of passengers in the big cities, uniting diverse zones and their environs, with high capacity and frequency and in segregated form to other systems of transport. metropolitan railroads are built underground or on the surface, although most systems use mixed models where sections are combined in both modalities.

1 - as a result, the metro tends to reduce car travel for two reasons: first, due to the greater transfer of users from the car and, second, due to the reduction in the acquisition of cars in homes located in sectors near the stations of the metro.

2 -the metro allows to contribute effectively to the achievement of all the objectives of an urban development policy: it improves the efficiency of the city's economy by reducing travel costs and also generates a higher level of activities in the city center, taking advantage of of the agglomeration economies.

3 -it is a clean means of transport, since it uses renewable energy (usually electricity), taking care of the environment and avoiding excessive pollution.