What role did the early Industrial Revolution have on the European political and social order?
A) The working poor were elevated from poverty, eliminating the need for unskilled labor.
B) Craftsmen became more important as people demanded higher quality manufactured goods.
C) Non-elites became wealthy and demanded greater social standing and more political rights.
D) The nobility were able to fend off attempts by the newly rich and gain a tighter control of power.
5)
"In one of these courts there stands directly at the entrance, at the end of the covered passage, a privy without a door, so dirty that the inhabitants can pass into and out of the court only by passing through foul pools of stagnant urine and excrement. Below it on the river there are several tanneries which fill the whole neighbourhood with the stench of animal putrefaction. Below Ducie Bridge the only entrance to most of the houses is by means of narrow, dirty stairs and over heaps of refuse and filth. The first court below Ducie Bridge, known as Allen's Court, was in such a state at the time of the cholera that the sanitary police ordered it evacuated, swept, and disinfected with chloride of lime"

- excerpt from Friedrick Engels, The Conditions of the Working Class in England (1845)
Which statement best explains the historical context that the passage is describing?
A) working conditions inside factories during the early Industrial Revolution
B) unsanitary conditions brought on by rapid urbanization
C) rural village life due to less technology
D) immigrant enclaves created in England
6)
Which of these was an immediate result of the Industrial Revolution in Europe?
A) the trans-Atlantic Slave trade was no longer used
B) more African nations achieved political independence
C) improvement in the standard of living for all people
D) European social and political reform movements erupted
7)
As a result of late-18th- and early-19th century Industrialization in Europe,
A) the family bond was forever strengthened.
B) poor laborers were able to attain unknown prosperity.
C) middle class women often ascended into positions of business leadership.
D) working class families were often torn apart by their economic conditions.
8)
Which of these was NOT an effect of the Industrial Revolution?
A) increased organization of workers
B) English settlement of the New World
C) increased competition between industrialized countries
D) the search for new sources of raw materials and new markets
9)
In what country did the Industrial Revolution begin in the late-1700s?
A) Spain
B) Europe
C) Britain
D) Italy
10)

Beer Street and Gin Lane, William Hogarth, 1751
The migration to urban centers that is evident in the source is most likely a result of which early modern process?
A) improved agricultural productivity
B) changes in global climate brought on by the Little Ice Age
C) the discovery of and establishment of settler colonies in the New World
D) philosophical movements that call into question institutions like serfdom