"A few years ago, in the late 1920's, Alain Leroy Locke, a professor at Howard University... came to Harlem to gather material for the now famous Harlem Number of the Survey Graphic (magazine)
and was hailed as the discoverer of artistic Harlem
"The Whites who read that issue of the Survey Graphic became aware that in Harlem, the largest Negro city in the world, there existed a group interested in the fine arts, creative literature, and
classical music. So, well-meaning, vapid (dull Whites from downtown New York came by bus, subway, or in limousines, to see for themselves these Negroes who wrote poetry and fiction and
painted pictures
"Of course, said these pilgrims, it couldn't approach the creative results of Whites, but as a novelty, well, it didn't need standards. The very fact that these Blacks had the temerity to produce so-called
Art, and not its quality, made the whole fantastic movement so alluring...
"News that Harlem had become a paradise spread rapidly and from villages and towns all over America there began a (Black) migration of quaint leccentric characters, each with a message,
who descended upon Harlem, sought out the cafes, lifted teacups with a jutting little finger, and dreamed of sponsors."
Levi C. Hubert, African American journalist, essay reflecting on life in Harlem in the 1920s, written in 1938
The excerpt best reflects which of the following developments by the 1920s?
a) growing similarity of rural and urban african american culture
b) the decline of racial violence against african americans
c) the rise of african american civil rights advocacy organization in the north
d) the movement of african americans during the great migration