Because feudalism had never been firmly established in italy, growing city-states were able to:.
a. appeal to the central government for assistance with expansion
b. barter various goods and services provided by the merchants for food crops from surrounding farms
c. freeze assets of the nobility to enrich the political leaders of the city-state
d. expand into surrounding areas by taking lands away from nobles

D. expand into surrounding areas by taking lands away from nobles.

Explanation:feudalism was a thriving and population custom and tradition of the people of the medieval times between the Ninth and fifteenth century in great Britain and military controlled states.

In feudalism, the king is the owner is f the lands in his kingdom,he gives some to some person who helped him during battles as fighters known as VASSALS. This vassals receive these lands in exchange for military service in wars or battles.

the answers are 1 and 4

your answer would be just capitalism.