James madison attributed the failure of the confederation to

Explanation:

James Madison did not support the concept of democracy. For him, it was a failed institution with many loopholes and flaws. He outright condemned the provisions of decentralization and local governments.

Madison believed that such provisions stumbled the path for a strong centralized government. The failure of the confederation was caused because of faulty institutions that tried to govern themselves.

He believed that the decentralized and federal government became powerless and weak as smaller institutions backed by democracy became too powerful.

a. men

and during later times male slaves as well