What process in the mid to late nineteenth century most directly led to situations in which non-Western countries found it very difficult to protect their indigenous industries from Western competition?

Industrial Revolution.

Explanation:

Industrial Revolution process in the mid to late nineteenth century most directly led to situations in which non-Western countries found it very difficult to protect their indigenous industries from Western competition.

35 is your answer because i looked it up

a system of cooperative federalism emerged, as the powers of the federal government expanded.