The papacy underwent dramatic reforms and modifications in medieval times. How did this institution change at this time? What powers did it gain? What powers or influence did it lose? What accounted for the frequent problems between popes and monarchs?

In Medival times, the papacy experienced a period of enormous transformation. This was mostly the result of conflict between the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor, both very important figures in the medieval political and social landscape. The papacy gained in some ways with the beginning of the Crusades, a quest that would bring enormous benefits to the Church. However, the Papacy still had to deal with many issues such as the Great Schism and losing the right to appoint bishops within the Empire (a right that the Holy Roman Emperor gained access to).

d: their own individual powers within the new goverment

the correct answer is b

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