Which describes a city-state? a. a region of farmers who organize the local trade center b. an urban center with a government and defensive fortifications c. a city whose government answers to a state or provincial government d. an independent city with political control over the surrounding area
i think it's d

john smith was the first englishman to sail around the world. francis bacon served as attorney general and lord chancellor of england. he took up aristotelian ideas, arguing for an empirical, inductive approach, known as the scientific method, which is the foundation of modern scientific inquiry.

we need the answer choices to answer the question