Historirian Sven Beckert's book EMPIRE OF COTTON argues that it was the slave laborers of the US that enabled industrialization, especially in northern Europe -- but as we discussed in class, many economic historians question Beckert's selective use of evidence. Nevertheless, should we accept Beckert's central thesis -- which is that cotton production and industrialization were intimately connected both in the US and in Europe?

a
Yes, of course, because the sequence went something like this: demand for raw cotton radically increased in England where the first mechanized thread-making machines (powered by water) finally made it economically feasible for cloth-weavers to make cost-competitive, high-quality cloth. And once that happened, competition for customers was the incentive for innovations in technology. This happened in England, then elsewhere in Europe, then in the USA.

b
No, because Beckert gets too many specific facts wrong, as pointed out in Deirdre McCloskey's critique in The American Historical Review.

c
No, because technology would have come to the US one way or another anyway.

d
No, because Americans and Britons alike preferred wool clothing, due to the cold winters, and consumer preference was determinative in fabric markets.

especially research the treaty of greenville and the treaty of colerain in washington's administration.   also research at least one significant treaty from the administrations of adams, jefferson, and madison. tell the outcome of each treaty and how it did or did not in the further development of the west.

treaty of greenville (1814) the treaty of greenville (1814) was called a treaty of peace and friendship between the united states of america and the tribes of native americans called the wyandots, delawares, shawanoese, senacas and miamies.

the treaty of colerain was signed at st. marys, georgia in camden county, georgia, by benjamin hawkins, george clymer, and andrew pickens for the united states and representatives of the creek nation, for whom indian trader langley bryant served as an interpreter, on june 29, 1796, proclaimed on march 18, 1797, and codified as 7 stat. 56. colerain was a small community and the site of a u.s. indian factory founded by james seagrove.  

this treaty affirmed the binding of the treaty of new york (1790). the treaties of hopewell and the treaty of holston (1791) established boundary lines between the choctaws, chickasaws, cherokee, and the u.s. the treaty of colerain bound the creek nation to acknowledge the boundaries established in those treaties.  

it also established the boundary line between the creek nation and the united states. at the time of this treaty, the boundaries between spanish florida and the u.s. had not yet been established. this treaty formally allowed the creek chiefs to acknowledge the negotiation for delineating the georgia-florida boundary with spain.  

the treaty contained a provision that the president of the u.s. may establish a trading or military outpost.  

the united states demanded that the creeks give up their american prisoners and also return all "citizens, white inhabitants, negroes and property" taken by the creeks.  

the treaty describes when it would take effect. after the treaty had been signed but not yet promulgated, the u.s. senate requested modification of two articles of the treaty. the first modification stipulated that the military or trading posts would be under the control of the united states. the second modification stipulated that if the u.s. no longer required the use of those posts, the locations would revert to the creek people.  

the pogroms became known as kristallnacht, the "night of shattered glass," for the shattered glass from the store windows that littered the streets. the morning after the pogroms 30,000 german jewish men were arrested for the "crime" of being jewish and sent to concentration camps, where hundreds of them perished.

the governor can not veto a referendum that the voters approve

the answer is b: an economic crisis throughout the country.