In the War of 1812 the United States fought Great Britain as well as

- a.) african slaves and indentured servant’s

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tenochtitlan (also spelled tenochtitlán), located on an island near the western shore of lake texcoco in central mexico, was the capital city and religious centre of the aztec civilization. the traditional founding date of the city was 1345 ce and it remained the most important aztec centre until its destruction at the hands of the conquering spanish led by hernán cortés in 1521 ce, which led to the final collapse of the aztec empire.

the industrial development of cities in the ruhr area in the nineteenth century is described. the research was based on english and german language sources. several factors that shaped growth and paths of the cities were categorized and analyzed. they are locations, resources, traditions, entrepreneurs, and technological developments. locations and resources were the most important among them; other factors may be regarded as consequences from locations and resources. among the cities, bochum, essen, gelsenkirchen, and dortmund had the richest resources and most favorable locations in the transportation network and grew to be the largest cities in the ruhr area near the end of the nineteenth century. riverside location was also a favorable factor for the development, as shown in the development of duisburg on the confluence of rhine and ruhr. resource distribution can explain the rise of textile industry, metallurgical industry, and coal and iron industries, and the northward progression of the mining industry. tradition was an important factor for cities such as krefeld, barmen, elberfeld, solingen, and remscheid, which experienced development based on their traditions through the nineteenth century. various entrepreneurs exerted influences within and beyond the local level over the ruhr area. technological development stimulated the northward progression of the mining industry and the deep connection between the coal and the iron industries.

independent innovation during the abbasid caliphate