Why is Marbury v. Madison a landmark
case?

The Marbury v. Madison case introduced the model of diffuse control of constitutionality of laws, the judicial review, into modern constitutionalism, basing the Supreme Court of the United States on the principle of supremacy of the Constitution.

As a way to break with the English tradition of Parliament's sovereignty, from 1803, in the famous case Marbury v. Madison started to admit, on American soil, the judicial review or the constitutional jurisdiction, which was, therefore, the intention of the Judiciary to assume the right to control the constitutionality of the laws.

The judicial review is a legacy of genuinely jurisprudential conception and had as its starting point the judgment of the mentioned case, not least because the American Constitution does not provide for the existence of constitutionality control in its text.

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asked for and recieved from the united states

social contract theory, nearly as old as philosophy itself, is the view that persons' moral and/or political obligations are dependent upon a contract or agreement among them to form the society in which they live