Radical republicans believed that black codes

After the American Civil War the Radical Republicans advocated the passing of the Civil Rights Bill, legislation that was designed to protect freed slaves from Southern Black Codes (laws that placed severe restrictions on freed slaves such as prohibiting their right to vote, forbidding them to sit on juries, limiting their right to testify against white men, carrying weapons in public places and working in certain occupations).

in 32-page handwritten address, washington urged americans to avoid excessive political party spirit and geographical distinctions, in foreign affairs he warned against long-term alliances with other nations. the address was printed in philladelphia's american daily advertiser on september 19, 1796