"(the power to regulate commerce is) the power to regulate; that is, to prescribe the rule by which commerce is to be governed. this power, like all others vested in congress, is complete in itself, may be exercised to its utmost extent, and acknowledges no limitations, other than are prescribed in the constitution.\" —supreme court

the supreme court defined the meaning of the power to "regulate commerce" in the case of

a. district of columbia v. heller
b. mcculloch v. maryland
c. united states v. nixon
d. gibbons v. ogden

most are appointed by the president and confirmed by a vote in the senate. however, appeals court judges appoint federal bankruptcy judges, and district judges appoint federal magistrate judges. the qualifications for these positions vary depending on the preferences of the person reviewing nominees.

hope this , give me brainliest answer = )

the graph shows the spread of railways in the 1800s.

based on the graph, the conclusion that can be drawn about germany is answer d)   by 1880, germany had more rail lines than great britain and russia.