3) This is a person who is not a citizen of the state in which they reside and may be there for a short or long period of time.

Alien

Explanation:

Term 'Alien' in a legal sense refers to the person who is the resident of the foreign country while not being a proper lawful citizen of it.

They can be

worcester v. georgia, legal case in which the u.s. supreme court on march 3, 1832, held (5–1) that the states did not have the right to impose regulations on native american land. andrew jackson refused to enforce the ruling, the decision form the basis for most subsequent indian law in the united states.