In the late 1700s and early 1800s, colonialism and mercantilism began to change. Why?

the main reason was it was during this time the foundation was laid towards the industrial revolution, as new technologies and innovations were made to enable mass production and develop factories and an economy that was completely different from the existing one.

moreover, the revolutionary events such as the french revolution, american revolution showed that pure colonialism and the mercantilist way of economy was not working anymore.

moreover, the development of share markets, bonds, banks and financial institutions along with new and complex ways of financial instruments and derivatives, the  foundation for the industrial and financial capitalism was laid.  

Explanation:

map scale refers to the relationship (or ratio) between distance on a map and the corresponding distance on the ground. for example, on a 1: 100000 scale map, 1cm on the map equals 1km on the ground.