What is an advantage that the majority party has in the Senate?

Chairs of every committee are members of the majority party. Extremely important in determaining the agenda for the meetings, conducting buisness etc.

the compromise of 1850 was a package of five separate bills passed by the united states congress in september 1850, which defused a four-year political confrontation between slave and free states on the status of territories acquired during the mexican–american war

the section of the chart that represents a point at which a bill needs approval from a majority of people in both chambers to advance is j, as this is the only section before the bill becomes law which has both rows (symbolizing the chambers) converging into one, meaning that the two parts of the congress have to approve of it before it can march on with the process.