Who was the last u. S. President to run effectively unopposed?

President James Monroe in 1820

Explanation:

The Democratic-Republican President John Monroe was reelected into office unopposed. His opposition could not bring a credible candidate to challenge the incumbent (already sitting president) and as a result, the election was unopposed and he won the necessary Electoral Colleges and was returned President.

The inability of the opposition, the Federalist Party to find a suitable and credible candidate to oppose President John Monroe was as a result of its dwindling influence in the political landscape after the war of 1812.

The incumbent President won all the available states with an 80% margin. His running mate and vice president was Daniel Tompkins.

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biological/genetic factors means they were born or predisposed to have something. nothing can really change it, and you can't really do much to "fix" it. it isn't something learned

these are the biological factors:

adrian is relatively tall and he is on the basketball team

(adrian can't ever stop being tall or force himself to be tall. likely one or both of his parents are tall as well and they passed on the tall gene. he probably does basketball because he is tall)

the rest are environmental/cultural factors. these are things that are taught to us. for example, cynthia wasn't born saving pocket money, her family most likely taught her this (environmental factor)

hope this !