What did the renaissance and reformation do to the idea of “Nationalism” throughout Europe?

The defense of marriage act did not do the following: question 3 options: a) prohibited states from performing same-sex marriages. b) allowed states not to recognize same-sex marriages performed elsewhere. c) excluded polygamy from the definition of marriage. d) prohibited the federal government from recognizing same-sex marriages.

The germans were expecting the invasion to land at pas-de-calais,northeast of the actual normandy invasion site. what do you think might have been the advantages of a landing at pas-de-calais? ‍♀️

Why was the treaty of versailles harsh on germany?