What political forces contributed to the fragmentation of the Islamic world in this period? What cultural forces provided a unifying force within Islam? (The Islamic World, 900–1200)

Which of the following was as a provision of the chinese exclusion act that affected chinese immigrants who were already in the united states ? a. the act forced chinese to return to china . b .) the act prohibited chinese immigrants from becoming american citizens. c.) the act prohibited chinese immigrants from entering the united states. d.) the act prohibited chinese immigrants from forming chinatowns