History, 17.04.2020 22:41 joannasalazar450
The opposing economic and political philosophies of the United States and the Soviet Union led to competition.
Long-term Consequences of World War II
• Death toll in Europe, Africa, and Asia estimated at over
• War created numerous problems with long-term
Demographic and Social Consequences
• war in which civilian deaths outnumbered military ones
• Millions move due to destruction and changes in borders
• Hunger, disease increase
Economic and Environmental Consequences
Tanks and bombs destroyed
Forests ; farmland destroyed
Western European nations faster
rebuilds more slowly
Allies Become Enemies
Yalta Conference: A Postwar Plan
• In February 1945, British, American, Soviet leaders meet at
• They agree to divide into zones of occupation when WWII ends
• Soviet leader agrees to allow free elections in Eastern Europe
Creation of the United Nations and Geneva Conventions
• June 1945, 50 nations form —international organization
• All members represented in ; 11 on Security Council
• Five permanent members have Security Council
• Many nations gather to create the :
- treaties on the treatment of civilians, POWs, and those injured during wartime
Differing U. S. and Soviet Philosophy and Goals
• U. S. and Soviets sharply after WWII ends
• is world’s richest and most powerful country after WWII
• Soviets recovering from high war casualties, many destroyed
Eastern Europe’s Iron Curtain
Soviets Build a Buffer
• Soviets control countries after World War II
• Stalin installs governments in several countries
• Truman urges free elections; refuses
• In 1946, Stalin says cannot co-exist
An Iron Curtain Divides East and West
Germany divided; East Germany Communist, West Germany Democratic
—Winston Churchill’s name for the division of Europe
United States Tries to Contain Soviets
• —U. S. plan to stop the spread of communism
• —U. S. supports countries that reject communism
• Congress approves Truman’s request for aid to
The Marshall Plan
Much of Western Europe lay in ruins after World War II
—U. S. program of assisting Western European countries
Congress approves plan after Communist takeover of
The Berlin Airlift
• In , U. S., Britain, France withdraw forces from West Germany
• Their former occupation zones form one country
• Soviets oppose this, stop land and water traffic into
• West Berlin, located in occupation zone, faces starvation
• U. S., Britain fly in for 11 months until the blockade ends
Assistance to Asian Nations
• President Truman initiates program to assist non-European nations
• Provides expertise to build up , public health, and education
The Cold War Divides the World
• —struggle of U. S., Soviet Union using means short of war
Superpowers Form Rival Alliances
• In 1949, U. S., Canada, West European countries form
• —North Atlantic Treaty Organization, defensive military alliance
• In 1955, Soviets, Eastern European nations sign alliance
• In 1961, Soviets build to separate East and West Berlin
The Threat of Nuclear War
• Soviet Union explodes its first in 1949
• U. S. and Soviet Union both develop more powerful
• —policy of willingness to go to the edge of war
• Increasing tensions lead to military buildup by
The Cold War in the Skies
In 1957, Soviets launch , first unmanned satellite
In 1960, Soviets American spy plane, increasing tensions
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