American settlement of the frontier affected Native Americans in all of the following ways EXCEPT:

a. Native American populations dropped dramatically after the U. S. offensive and the move to the reservations.
b. Native Americans were forced onto reservations through starvation and warfare.
c. Native Americans were forced to change from a nomadic lifestyle to a settled lifestyle.
d. Native Americans became equal partners in American policies after they moved to the reservations.

  d. Native Americans became equal partners in American policies after they moved to the reservations.

in mcculloch v. maryland (1819) the supreme court ruled that congress had implied powers under the necessary and proper clause of article i, section 8 of the constitution to create the second bank of the united states and that the state of maryland lacked the power to tax the bank.

gibbons v. ogden, (1824), was a landmark decision in which the supreme court of the united states held that the power to regulate interstate commerce, granted to congress by the commerce clause of the united states constitution, encompassed the power to regulate navigation.