"Although eighteenth-century America was predominantly a rural, agricultural society, its seaboardcommercial cities were the cutting edge of economic, social, and political change. . . . In America, it was in thecolonial cities that the transition first occurred from a barter economy to a commercial one. . . . The citiespredicted the future. . . . Urban people, at a certain point in the preindustrial era, upset the equilibrium of anolder system of social relations and turned the seaport towns into crucibles of revolutionary agitation."Gary B. Nash, historian, The Urban Crucible, 1986"The colonist’s attitudes toward civil uprising were part of a broader Anglo-American political tradition. In thecourse of the eighteenth century, colonists became increasingly interested in the ideas of seventeenth-centuryEnglish revolutionaries . . . and the later writers who carried on and developed this tradition. . . . By the1760s . . . this . . . tradition provided a strong unifying element between colonists North and South. It offered, too, a corpus of ideas about public authority and popular political responsibilities that shaped the Americanrevolutionary movement. Spokesmen for this English revolutionary tradition were distinguished in theeighteenth century above all by their outspoken defense of the people’s right to rise up against their rulers."Pauline Maier, historian, From Resistance to Revolution, 1991a) Briefly describe ONE major difference between Potter’s and Holt’s historical interpretations of the Civil War. b) Briefly explain how ONE specific historical event or development during the period 1786-1861 that is not explicitly mentioned in the excerpts could be used to support Potter’s interpretation. c) Briefly explain how ONE specific historical event or development during the period 1786-1861 that is not explicitly mentioned in the excerpts could be used to support Holt’s interpretation.

The response to (b) earned 1 point by providing evidence that the Boston Tea Party was a specific event that

demonstrated the colonists’ rebellion against Great Britain’s taxation, which supports Nash’s argument.

pacal the great: the throne was passed on to pacal through a female; as a result, he believed that he must legitimize his claim to the throne to add stability to his reign.

as a result, the daughter of ac kan's brother ruled until her son, pacal, reached an age old enough to assume the throne.

pacal the great became the king of the mayan city of palenque in a different way than most mayan kings.

pacal pointed out that ac kan had succeeded his mother as ruler, thereby establishing a precedent for the rule to pass through a female.  

he tried to justify that the way he gained the throne by connecting his mother with the divine mother and the mythological events that happened during the creation of the world.  

typically, the son of a male mayan ruler inherited the throne, but in 612 ce, king ac kan died and did not leave behind a male heir.

montezuma 1: even so, these wars of conquest failed to provide enough human sacrifices and because of this, he formed a triple alliance with cities in the valley of puebla-tlascala.  

in addition, montezuma realized that his government failed to the aztecs during the famine.

in order to appease him, montezuma increased the number of human sacrifices.

the aztec performed human sacrifices to their god huitzilopotchli because they believed he desired human blood.  

around 1440 ce, montezuma i became the fifth emperor of the aztecs and went on to rule for 28 years.  

soon after he assumed the throne, the aztecs were hit with a series of disasters, namely a plague of locusts, a flood, and a harsh frost  

huayna capac: huayna capac also fought to gain territories north of his empire in what is now ecuador.  

huayna capac significantly extended the inca empire to the south, into what is now argentina and chile.  

in 1493 ce, huayna capac became the eleventh ruler of the inca empire.  

huayna, therefore, wanted to gain his own lands and launched campaigns against tribes to the east and north of the empire.  

the inca empire reached its peak under the rule of huayna capac.

during this time the empire covered a vast territory including parts of present day colombia, peru, argentina, chile, bolivia, and ecuador.

during his reign, huayna heard about bearded men with pale skin that resembled the incan1 god viracocha and took this news as a bad omen.

huayna took this as another bad omen that predicted the destruction of the empire.