"The yellow and white races which are to be found on the globe have been endowed by nature with intelligence and fighting capacity. They are fundamentally incapable of giving way to each other. Hence, glowering and poised for a fight, they have engaged in battle in the world of evolution, the great arena where strength and intelligence have clashed since earliest times, the great theater where for so long natural selection and progress have played out." The quotation above by an early twentieth-century Chinese revolutionary illustrates the influence of:

1. (A)Social Darwinism
2. (A)Communism
3. (A)National Socialism
4. (A)Anarchism