From 1870-1914
a. Germany and England greatly increased their military spending
b. Germany increased its military spending and England reduced its military spending
C. Germany and England reduced their military spending
d. Germany sold ships and tanks to England.

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The  pan-african movement  was an "emotional, cultural, psychological and ideological  movement  that began among the  african  dispora in the western hemisphere, for a closer  purpose, so that  african  people could feel secure, attain political, economic as well as psychological power visa vis other races or world regions" .

Your answer would be a in this question good luck