Which of the following were effects of european rule in africa? check all that apply.

islam spread across the continent.
european languages became official languages.
some educational systems were established.
african colonies were created along arbitrary lines.
african colonies imported raw materials from europe.

European rule in Africa brought along many changes, most of them undesirable, while some of them were positive. With colonization, European languages became official, in particular English, French and Portuguese. Colonists also established educational systems in many of these countries. However, one of the worst consequences was that African colonies (and later on, African countries) were created along arbitrary lines in what is known as the "Scramble for Africa." This continues to cause ethnic conflict in the region.

European languages became official languages.

Some educational systems were established.

African colonies were created along arbitrary lines.

sumerians were responsible.

answer

explanation

the given equation is

we can rewrite this as:

let

then the equation becomes:

the factors of 8 that sum up to -9 are {-1,-8}

we split the middle term with these factors to obtain,

we factor by grouping to obtain:

apply the zero product property to get:

but