What was the colonial impact on Southeast Asia as a result of European Imperialism?

Many nations in Asia competed for power and had civil un rest like in China, the monarchy was dissolved and communists and capitalist fought for power, later the Japanese conquered China (half) the Dutch remained in power until WWll finished Indochina (Vietnam) split into 2 countries.

b toward the volcano.landward. the landward side of something is the side nearest to the land or facing the land, rather than the sea.