Running through West and Central Africa, the Desert stretches from the Atlantic Ocean to the Ocean.

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b toward the volcano.landward. the landward side of something is the side nearest to the land or facing the land, rather than the sea.

the triple alliance. germany and austria-hungary were already allies by 1879 when, worried about a threat from russia, they formed the dual alliance. italy joined the group in 1882. there was a concern about a possible attack from france and the alliance needed powerful friends to defend it.