19. The factors that brought about the devastation of the Dust Bowl
included the damming of western rivers and over-irrigation
included drought, high winds, and farming methods
were strictly a result of natural causes, not human practices
were all a result of unwise agricultural practices

included drought, high winds, and farming methods

Explanation:

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what are the others?

the right answer is the third one: turnpikes went short distances to connect markets. turnpikes, also known as toll roads, were very important for trade and transportation (of people, goods and products) in the 19th century, coinciding with the expansion towards the west. they contributed significantly to the economic development of the united states.