11. Rousseau wrote, The social pact includes this engagement that whoever refused to obey the
general will shall be constrained to do so by the whole body. What does this statement mean (Hint: think
about which theory Rousseau supports and what it means)?
12. Hobbes wrote, During the time men live without a common power to keep them all in awe, they are in a
condition which is called war. He describes this as the state of nature. Why does Hobbes say people need a
social contract?
13. Locke says, reason, which is that law, teaches all mankind, that being all equal and independent, no one
ought to harm another in life, liberty or possessions Men living together according to reason, without a
common superior on earth is properly the state of nature. In this quote, Locke is describing his theory.
What is his theory and what does it mean?
14. Montesquieu wrote When the legislative and executive powers are united in the same person, or in the
same body of magistrates, there can be no liberty Again, there is no liberty if the judiciary power be not
separated from the legislative and executive. What theory does this describe and what does it mean?
15. Which philosopher do you believe made the most important contribution to our government? You must
include the philosopher AND his political philosophy in your answer. Support your answer by explaining the
political philosophy and why you think it is important.

the  equal rights amendment  (era) states: "equality  of  rights  under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the united states or by any state on account of sex." congress first introduced the era in 1923, but the campaign for ratification took off in the 1960s during the  civil rightsmovement.

incident infrared radiation is blocked. visible and ultraviolet radiation heat   earth.

earth radiates infrared radiation. infrared radiation is blocked and heats earth. visible and shortwave radiation heat earth.

earth radiates longwave radiation

longwave radiation is reflected downward longwave radiation heats earth

1. the group that formally abolished the monarchy was the roundheads. after the monarchy was abolished, the english commonwealth was created. it was led by oliver cromwell, who later took the title lord protector. this leader was a puritan, meaning that he supported removing catholic rituals from the church of england.

2. identify a central idea in the bill of rights.

a.   the monarch could only exercise power as stated in the law.

3. ascended the english throne as   a joint monarch after accepting   the bill of rights   mary ii

appointed catholics as government   officials and recruited them in the   army

james ii

conquered ireland and established   the commonwealth

oliver cromwell

lost a long, bloody civil war against   forces loyal to parliament

charles i

was crowned king after a period   of commonwealth rule in england

charles ii

4. identify two effects of the glorious revolution on the english monarchy.

the idea of monarchs ruling by divine right was rejected.

a limited, constitutional monarchy was established.

5. what are two ways the bill of rights opposes the idea of the divine right of kings?

it stated that the monarch's power was subject to limits set by parliament.

it abolished the role of the monarch as the head of the church of england.