1) When did Spain first establish a colonial settlement on the Philippines?

Following several more Spanish expeditions, the first permanent settlement was established in Cebu in 1565. After defeating a local Muslim ruler, the Spanish set up their capital at Manila in 1571, and they named their new colony after King Philip II of Spain.

Explanation:

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February 13, 1565.

The Spanish navigator and governor Miguel López de Logazpi arrived in the Philippines in 1565, and founded the first colony in Cebu, thus beginning the Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines.

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b.

jim crow laws were enacted in northern states.