Nationalism encouraged people with a shared identity to declare war on all those who did not share their beliefs.
separate themselves from those who were unlike them.
be open to other people’s traditions, ideas, and beliefs.
convince other people to share their common bonds.

separate themselves from those who were unlike them.

Explanation:Nationalism is a perception, creed or political ideology that entails an person identifying with, or turning into attached to, one’s country. Nationalism entails national identification, by way of contrast with the associated assemble of patriotism, which involves the social conditioning and personal behaviors that support a country’s selections and movements. From a political or sociological perspective, there are  primary perspectives at the origins and basis of nationalism. One is the primordialist perspective that describes nationalism as a mirrored image of the historical and perceived evolutionary tendency of human beings to arrange into distinct groupings based totally on an affinity of start. The other is the modernist perspective that describes nationalism as a current phenomenon that requires the structural situations of contemporary society if you want to exist. An alternative angle to each of these lineages comes out of engaged theory, and argues that even as the shape of nationalism is contemporary, the content and subjective attain of nationalism relies upon upon ‘primordial’ sentiments. There are various definitions for what constitutes a country, but, which ends up in several exceptional strands of nationalism. It is able to be a belief that citizenship in a kingdom need to be restricted to at least one ethnic, cultural, spiritual, or identification group, or that multinationality in a single nation have to necessarily include the right to specific and workout countrywide identification even by means of minorities. The adoption of countrywide identity in phrases of historical development has generally been the result of a response by way of influential corporations unhappy with conventional identities because of inconsistency among their described social order and the experience of that social order by means of its individuals, ensuing in a scenario of anomie that nationalists are looking for to clear up. This anomie outcomes in a society or societies reinterpreting identity, maintaining elements that are deemed proper and doing away with elements deemed unacceptable, with a view to create a unified community. This improvement may be the result of internal structural issues or the result of resentment via an current institution or businesses towards different communities, specifically foreign powers that are or are deemed to be controlling them. Country wide flags, country wide anthems and different symbols of country wide identification are normally taken into consideration exceptionally important symbols of the country wide community.

the bar kochba rebellion (132-135) against the roman empire, also known as the second jewish-roman war, was the second major jewish revolt in judea and the last of the great jewish-roman wars.

after the first jewish-roman war of the years 66-73, the roman authorities took measures to crush any new attempt of rebellion in judea. his political situation was modified and instead of a prefect a governor of praetorian rank was appointed, and in the ruins of jerusalem the seat of a complete roman legion, the legio x fretensis was established.

the political and religious direction of the jewish people was left in the hands of the sanhedrin, with initial headquarters in yavne.

the direct causes of the rebellion vary according to the source. the roman historian dio cassius (155-229) attributes the revolt to the decision of hadrian to found in the place of jerusalem a roman city called aelia capitolina (aelia by its own name and capitolina in honor of the roman god jupiter). on the other hand, the jewish sources, while recognizing this resolution as true, assign higher priority to the decrees dictated by hadrian that forbade the brit milah (circumcision), the respect of the sabbath and the laws of purity in the family.

hadrian's intention was to "civilize" and incorporate the jews once and for all into the greco-roman culture. for greek and roman culture, circumcision was an intolerable mutilation.

the jewish tradition tells in the midrash tanjuma a meeting between rabbi akiva and the governor turnus rufus, where he asked for an explanation about the circumcision.

an additional legion, the legio vi ferrata, moved to the province to maintain order, and work began in the year 131 after the governor of judea, turnus rufus performed the founding ceremony of aelia capitolina. a roman coin with the inscription aelia capitolina was struck in the year 132.

the tannaim rabbi akiva, who without being named nasi directed the sanhedrin, convinced the other members to support the imminent rebellion.

the jewish leaders carefully planned the second rebellion to avoid the numerous errors that had been committed in the first one. in the year 132 the rebellion led by bar kochba quickly expanded from modiim throughout the country, defeating the x roman legion based in jerusalem and destroying the xxii roman legion that had come from egypt.

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