In your own words, what are logical fallacies?

"august 19th (1864)- how they quarreled and wrangled among themselves- alabama and mississippi, all were loud for joe johnston, save and except the long-haired, one-armed hero, who cried at the top of his voice: "oh! you all want to be kept in trenches and to go on retreating, eh? " "oh, if we had had a leader, such as stonewall (jackson), this war would have been over long ago! what we want is a leader! " shouted a (wounded man). they were awfully smashed-up, objects of misery, wounded, maimed, diseased. i was really upset, and came home ill. this kind of thing unnerves me quite." mary chestnut, a diary from dixie this entry from the diary of mary chestnut illustrates a) the lack of medical technology possessed by the confederacy. b) the military superiority of southern troops in the civil war. c) the effects of the emancipation proclamation on the southern economy and society. d) the loss of morale and confidence by the confederacy towards the end of the civil war.

What motive did the federalists have for pushing the alien act through congress in 1798? a. the new law made immigrants pay higher taxes, which the federalists hoped would be used to pay the national debt and fund the military. b. the new law denied immigrants the right to vote because many immigrants supported thomas jefferson and the republicans. c. the new law required business owners to hire illegal aliens who hated the liberal republicans. d. the new law made immigrants wait 14 years before becoming citizens, a move the federalists hoped would keep them from voting for years. select the best answer from the choices provided abcd

Which fact from the tinker v. des moines court decision best supports the reasoning that the conduct of the student protesters was protected by the fourteenth amendment, which prohibits deprivation of life, liberty, or property? o a. the record shows that students in some of the schools wore buttons relating to national political campaigns, and some even wore the iron cross, traditionally a symbol of nazism. o b. on the other hand, the court has repeatedly emphasized the need for affirming the comprehensive authority of the states and of school officials, consistent with fundamental constitutional safeguards, to prescribe and control conduct in the schools. c. the action of the school authorities appears to have been based on an urgent wish to avoid the controversy which might result from the expression, even by the silent symbol of armbands, of opposition to this nation's part in the conflagration in vietnam. d. that they are educating the young for citizenship is reason for scrupulous protection of constitutional freedoms of the individual. if we are not to strangle the free mind at its source and teach youth to discount important principles of our government as mere platitudes.